DHEA, also known as docosahexaenoic acid, and dehydroepiandrosterone, is a hormone that is naturally made by the human body. The body uses DHEA to make androgens and estrogens, the male and female sex hormones. DHEA levels peak at about age 25, then go down steadily as you get older. People who are 70, for example, tend to have DHEA levels about 80% lower than young adults.
Because levels of DHEA decline with age, researchers have wondered if DHEA could work as an anti-aging treatment. In older people, lower than normal levels of DHEA have been associated with osteoporosis, heart disease, memory loss, and breast cancer. But there's no proof that low levels of DHEA cause these conditions, or that taking DHEA can help prevent them.
DHEA can be made in the laboratory from chemicals found in wild yam and soy. However, the human body cannot make DHEA from these chemicals, so simply eating wild yam or soy will not increase DHEA levels. Don't be misled by wild yam and soy products labeled as "natural DHEA."
DHEA is used for slowing or reversing aging, improving thinking skills in older people, and slowing the progress of Alzheimer's disease.
Athletes and other people use DHEA to increase muscle mass, strength, and energy. But DHEA use is banned by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA).
DHEA is also used by men for erectile dysfunction (ED), and by healthy women and women who have low levels of certain hormones to improve well-being.
Some people try DHEA to treat systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), weak bones (osteoporosis), multiple sclerosis (MS), low levels of steroid hormones (Addison's disease), depression, schizophrenia, chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), and to slow the progression of Parkinson's disease. It is also used for preventing heart disease, breast cancer, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome.
DHEA is used for weight loss, for decreasing the symptoms of menopause, and for boosting the immune system.
People with HIV sometimes use DHEA to ease depression and fatigue.
Women who have passed menopause sometimes use DHEA inside the vagina for strengthening the walls of the vagina and for increasing bone mineral density.
Like many dietary supplements, DHEA has some quality control problems. Some products labeled to contain DHEA have been found to contain no DHEA at all, while others contained more than the labeled amount.
DHEA is being investigated and may eventually be approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as a prescription drug for treating systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and improving bone mineral density in women with lupus who are taking steroid drugs for treatment. The FDA is still studying the pharmaceutical company's application for approval.
A number of studies have found that DHEA supplements may help people with depression, obesity, lupus, and adrenal insufficiency. DHEA may also improve skin in older people and help treat osteoporosis, vaginal atrophy, erectile dysfunction, and some psychological conditions.
Low DHEA levels are associated with aging and a number of diseases, such as anorexia, type 2 diabetes, and HIV. In older men, having low levels of DHEA is also associated with a higher chance of death. However, it's not clear that using DHEA supplements will help lower the risks of getting any diseases.
DHEA is used by some people who want to "reverse" aging and boost immunity, cognitive function, and muscle strength. DHEA has been studied as a treatment for other conditions, ranging from cardiovascular disease to menopause to Alzheimer's. The results have been unclear.
Schizophrenia. DHEA may be more effective in women than men.
Improving the appearance of older people's skin. Taking DHEA by mouth seems to increase skin thickness and moisture, and decrease facial "age spots" in elderly men and women.
Improving ability to achieve an erection in men with sexual dysfunction. But it doesn't seem to be helpful if erectile dysfunction is caused by diabetes or nerve disorders.
Improving symptoms of lupus (SLE). Taking DHEA by mouth along with conventional treatment may help reduce the number of times symptoms flare up and may allow a reduction in the dose of prescription drugs needed. DHEA may also help SLE symptoms such as muscle ache and mouth ulcers. DHEA also seems to strengthen bones in SLE patients being treated with high-dose steroids (corticosteroids).
Weak bones (osteoporosis). Taking DHEA by mouth daily seems to improve bone mineral density (BMD) in older women and men with osteoporosis or osteopenia (pre-osteoporosis). DHEA may also increase BMD in young women with the eating disorder called anorexia nervosa.
Adrenal insufficiency. There is contradictory information about whether taking DHEA can improve feelings of well-being, depression, anxiety, and other symptoms in people with this hormone deficiency. Some research suggests that DHEA might improve these symptoms, while other research suggests that DHEA provides no benefit.
Metabolic syndrome (a cluster of conditions that put people at high risk for heart disease). There is early evidence that DHEA might lower some of the health risks that make overweight men and women more likely to develop metabolic syndrome. The risk factors that DHEA seems to lower are obesity, fat around the waist, and high insulin levels.
Weight loss. Early evidence suggests that DHEA seems to help overweight older people who are likely to get metabolic syndrome to lose weight. But it's not known if DHEA helps younger people to lose weight.
Depression. There is some evidence that DHEA might improve mood and help depression.
HIV/AIDS. Early studies suggest that taking DHEA may improve HIV patients' mental health and quality of life. But DHEA doesn't seem to actually impact the HIV disease process itself.
Addison's disease. There is some early evidence that DHEA might improve symptoms of Addison's disease.
Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). There is some evidence that DHEA might improve CFS symptoms.
Menopausal symptoms such as hot flashes. Studies to date show conflicting results.
Improving growth and maturation in girls with hormone deficiency. There is some evidence that DHEA might help growth and maturation in these girls.
Physical performance. Some research shows that older adults who take DHEA have improved measures of muscle strength. But other research has found no effect of taking DHEA on muscle strength.
Heart disease.
Breast cancer.
Infertility.
Diabetes.
Parkinson's disease.
Other conditions.
Most DHEA supplements are produced in laboratories from diosgenin, a plant sterol extracted from Mexican wild yams (Dioscorea villosa). Some extracts from wild yams are marketed as "natural DHEA." Advertisers claim that these "natural" extracts are converted into DHEA by the body, but that' s not the case -- your body can't covert those extracts into DHEA. For this reason, it is best to look for labels that list DHEA rather than diosgenin or wild yam extract.
It is important to choose high quality DHEA supplements. One way to avoid buying a product with contaminated DHEA is to purchase it through a professional health care provider.
DHEA is available in capsules, tablets, chewing gum, sublingual (under the tongue) drops, and topical (on the skin) creams.
The following doses have been studied in scientific research:
BY MOUTH:
In postmenopausal women and in elderly men: Doses of 25-50 mg daily are commonly used.
For treatment of schizophrenia: Increasing doses of DHEA of 25 mg daily for 2 weeks, 25 mg two times daily for 2 weeks, and 50 mg two times daily for 2 weeks.
For replacement of hormones when the adrenal glands are not working well (androgen deficiency): 25-50 mg given daily as a single dose.
For systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE): 200 mg per day along with conventional medical treatment, but doses up to 600 mg per day have been used.
For improving bone mineral density in people with weak bones (osteoporosis): 50-100 mg per day.
For erectile dysfunction: 50 mg per day.
Most people do not experience any problems with low DHEA doses. Side effects are more likely to occur with higher doses, such as 200 mg daily or more. Some of the potential side effects of DHEA include facial or body hair growth, menstrual changes, acne, and decreased levels of HDL cholesterol ("good" cholesterol).
It appears that low doses of DHEA are generally well tolerated (although more studies are necessary in order to know this for sure).
Higher doses, such as 200 mg daily or more, have been reported to cause a variety of different side effects. These possible DHEA side effects include:
Acne
Facial or body hair growth
Hair loss
Deepening of the voice
Menstrual changes
Abdominal pain (stomach pain)
High blood pressure (hypertension)
Liver dysfunction (which might cause problems such as yellow eyes or skin, dark urine, or upper right abdominal pain)
Insomnia
Nasal congestion
Fatigue
Headaches
Decreased levels of HDL cholesterol ("good" cholesterol)
Mania symptoms (such as racing thoughts, careless spending, inappropriate behavior etc).
It is a good idea to let your healthcare provider know if you experience any possible DHEA side effects, however minor they may seem. DHEA can affect your hormonal balance, and even side effects that might seem insignificant (such as acne) can be signs of a hormone imbalance. Definitely be sure to report any serious, unusual, or distressing side effects.
Theoretically, DHEA might increase the risk of cancer when taken long-term, although much more research is needed before it is known if this really is a potential problem.
Unpredictable DHEA side effects are also possible due to contaminants in DHEA products. Because supplements are not as tightly regulated as prescription or non-prescription drugs, they are sometimes contaminated with other supplements, medications, or even toxins such as heavy metals. In order to avoid such problems, it is important to choose a high quality supplement from a trustworthy manufacturer.
Because of the potential for side effects and interactions with medications, dietary supplements should be taken only under the supervision of a knowledgeable health care provider.
People under 40 shouldn't take DHEA unless they have low levels as determined by their doctors. People taking DHEA should have their blood levels checked every 6 months.
Very few studies have been done on the long-term safety of DHEA.
High doses of DHEA may stop the body from making the hormone itself. High doses also may be toxic to liver cells. At least one case of hepatitis has been reported. People who have liver disease should avoid DHEA.
DHEA may increase the production of the male hormone testosterone. Women should be aware of the risk of developing signs of masculinization. These include loss of hair on the head, deepening of the voice, growth of hair on the face, weight gain around the waist, or acne. Men should be aware of the risks of too much testosterone, such as shrinkage of the testicles, aggression, male pattern baldness, high blood pressure, and possible higher risk for testosterone-related cancers. Call your health care provider if any of these symptoms occur.
The International Olympic Committee and National Football League banned the use of DHEA because its effects are similar to those of anabolic steroids.
DHEA is POSSIBLY UNSAFE when used in larger amounts and long-term. Do not use DHEA in doses higher than 50-100 mg a day or for a long period of time. Using higher doses or long-term use of DHEA can increase the chance of side effects.
Pregnancy and breast-feeding: DHEA is POSSIBLY UNSAFE when taken by mouth during pregnancy or breast-feeding. It can cause higher than normal levels of a male hormone called androgen. This might be harmful to the baby. Don't use DHEA if you are pregnant or breast-feeding.
Hormone-sensitive conditions such as breast cancer, uterine cancer, ovarian cancer, endometriosis, or uterine fibroids: DHEA is a hormone that can affect how estrogen works in the body. If you have any condition that might be made worse by exposure to estrogen, don't use DHEA.
Liver problems: DHEA might make liver problems worse. Don't use DHEA if you have liver problems.
Diabetes: DHEA can affect how insulin works in the body. If you have diabetes, monitor your blood sugar carefully if you are taking DHEA.
Depression and mood disorders: There is some concern that patients with a history of depression and bipolar disorder might have some mental side effects if they use DHEA. DHEA can cause mania (excitability and impulsiveness), and irritability in people with mood disorders. If you have a mood disorder, be sure to discuss DHEA with your healthcare provider before you start taking it. Also, pay attention to any changes in how you feel.
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): Taking DHEA might make this condition worse. Don't use DHEA if you have PCOS.
Cholesterol problems: DHEA might lower "good cholesterol" (high lipoprotein cholesterol, HDL). If your HDL level is already too low, discuss DHEA with your healthcare provider before you start taking it.
If you are currently being treated with any of the following medications, you should not use DHEA without first talking to your health care provider.
AZT (Zidovudine) -- In a laboratory study, DHEA strengthened the effects of AZT, used to treat HIV. However, researchers don't know if that would be true -- or safe -- in humans.
Barbiturates -- Animal studies suggest that DHEA may strengthen the effects of barbiturates, a sedative often used to treat sleep disorders. These medicines include butabarbital, mephobarbital, pentobarbital, and phenobarbital.
Corticosteroids -- Laboratory studies suggest that DHEA may increase the effects of prednisolone, used to treat inflammation and other disorders.
Estrogen and testosterone therapy -- DHEA may affect levels of estrogen and testosterone in the body. People who are taking hormone therapy should talk to their doctor to see if their dose needs to be adjusted.
Oral medications for diabetes and insulin -- DHEA may make insulin and drugs used to lower blood sugar less effective, raising the risk of high blood sugar.
Drugs that may lower DHEA levels -- Drugs that can decrease or lower the levels of DHEA in the body include:
Antipsychotic medications, including chlorpromazine (Thorazine) and quetiapine (Seroquel)
Budesonide (Pulmicort)
Estrogens
Dexamethasone (Decadron)
Metformin (Glucophage)
Drugs that may raise DHEA levels -- Drugs that may increase DHEA levels in the body include:
Alprazolam (Xanax)
Amlodipine (Norvasc)
Anastrozole (Arimidex)
Nifedipine (Procardia)
Danocrine (Danazol)
Diltiazem (Cardizem)
Methyphenidate (Ritalin)
Metopirone (Metyrapone)
The following reviews have been selected:
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7 of 8 people found the following review helpful:
4.0 out of 5 stars Adrenal Fatigue Relief, September 21, 2010
By
Dianne M. Varallo (Philadelphia, PA United States)
For anyone suffering with adrenal fatigue, DHEA is a good supplement to take. These are very small pills, easily swallowed, and they can truly make a difference in your energy level day to day.
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Reason for taking: Menopausal symptoms
Reviewer: 45-54 Female, 1/9/2012 5:18:56 PM
Comment:
I started taking this med due to severe hot flashes, mood swings & fatigue. It has been 1 week I can not believe the results. I take 25mg at night, No hot flashes, I can sleep all night and when I wake up I feel refreshed and energized.I tried the Black Cohosh before this med was on it 1 month with little relief. This DHEA is a life saver.
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5 of 8 people found the following review helpful:
4.0 out of 5 stars I Think It Works, November 9, 2010
By
9 Sense (Richmond, VA)
I take DHEA because there is research that indicates it may ease the symptoms of Sjogren's syndrome (dry eyes and mouth)... I've taken it for two years and there is no clear "yes" or "no" answer. There are far too many factors that contribute to symptoms to pin anything on one cause or fix. My experience is enough of a "maybe" to keep me taking it.
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Reason for taking: Fatigue
Reviewer: Tom, 55-64 Male, 1/3/2012 9:00:25 AM
Comment:
Even as a child, I was easily fatigued. As an adult, I was always tired. About 15 years ago, Istarted taking 25 mg DHEA. I am now 60 and a lean intense athlete. I cannot function at the level I do now without 25 mg in the morning and 25 mg in early afternoon. Works as fast as a cup of coffee, but without jitters. My MD warned me of the risk that too much DHEA could cause prostate enlargement, but I said I was not going to stop. As a result, he monitors my PSA annually and with a digital exam. No problems.
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25 of 27 people found the following review helpful:
5.0 out of 5 stars Good DHEA, March 9, 2010
By
John Smith "f1shb0n3" (USA)
I'm a bit sceptic about supplements, I suppose sometimes the placebo effect is stronger than the real one.
But nevertheless, I use CoQ10, Gingko Biloba and DHEA... and I could tell that I feel more energized and mentally strong. I don't care if it's the placebo effect or anything else, as long as I pay such low prices for these things.
I would recommend you to take this combination if you work with your brain - it could help you be more productive.
If you are into supplements a lot, I recommend a good book that will tell you why you should take a handful of supplements 3 times a day to keep you brain and body healthy for longer:
Brain Longevity: The Breakthrough Medical Program that Improves Your Mind and Memory
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Reason for taking: Fatigue
Reviewer: Rigmover66, 35-44, 12/12/2011 9:57:46 PM
Comment:
I have been using the DHEA supplement I got at the drugstore (25 mg) along with some gingko biloba capsuels. I work in the oilfield business where work weeks are 100-120 hours every week. I take it in the morning and it actually does help! We are not allowed to do energy drinks because they dehydrate us and we get drug tested monthly so I use nothing else. This stuff really helps me stay alert and awake at work.
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15 of 16 people found the following review helpful:
5.0 out of 5 stars Great for inattentive ADD, April 22, 2011
By
Patrick J. Martin "PM" (New York, NY USA)
I took this after reading that people with ADD typically have low levels of DHEA in their blood. I took this and noticed a difference on the first day. It was easier to concentrate and get things done.
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Reason for taking: Menopausal symptoms
Reviewer: Feeling Better.., 45-54 Female, 11/13/2011 10:40:48 PM
Comment:
I have noticed I have gained some weight and have had a few pimples, but also have energy, less hot flashes and overall feel better.
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4 of 4 people found the following review helpful:
4.0 out of 5 stars Feel great, September 2, 2011
By
Brian K. Thornton (Federal Way WA)
I got this product to see if it would help me with energy and other things like weight loss and overall aches and pain so fare it has worked great i feel better and have more energy and it has helped with weight loss.
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Reason for taking: Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS)
Reviewer: reader, 45-54 Male, 11/13/2011 5:18:45 AM
Comment:
Taking 100mg daily for 6+ months. Noticed increased stamina and better workouts. Also better memory function. Negatives have been slight aggressiveness, slight elevation in systolic b/p, rapid hair growth and some skin blemishes. Am also taking other supplements for heart health.
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5 of 6 people found the following review helpful:
4.0 out of 5 stars Impresssed with it's ability!, September 25, 2010
A Kid's Review
I got this to help with conception. It did help, but it takes about 3 months for your body to get the full benefit. I will warn you take it every other day! I broke out like high school! Kind of embarrassing to be 40 with zits!
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